A guide to creating a basic first aid kit for hunters and addressing common injuries, from minor cuts to severe accidents. 

For many, fall signals the start of hunting season—a time filled with excitement and outdoor adventure. However, hunting comes with inherent dangers that can lead to medical emergencies, often sending hunters to the hospital or worse. Did you know that heart attacks, injured backs, and broken bones are among the most common hunting-related injuries? Whether you're navigating rugged terrain, using sharp tools, or handling firearms, understanding first aid and being prepared for emergencies is essential. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the must-have first aid items and how to respond to common emergencies while hunting. 

Stay Safe: Essential Hunting Safety Tips 

1. Take a Hunter Safety Course 

Before heading into the field, completing a certified safety course is crucial. These courses cover a wide range of topics, including firearm safety, survival skills, and first aid essentials. In Iowa, anyone born after January 1, 1972, must be certified in hunter education before they can purchase a hunting license. Learn more about the hunter safety course here.  

Additional Tip: Many courses now offer online components, making it easier to fit into your schedule. Even experienced hunters can benefit from a refresher course to stay updated on best practices and new regulations. 

2. Wear the Right Gear 

Wearing appropriate gear is key for both safety and comfort. Visibility is a major concern when hunting in areas populated by other hunters. 

• Bright Orange Clothing: A hunter orange vest, jacket, or hat ensures you’re visible to others, significantly reducing the risk of accidental shootings. 

• Proper Boots: Choose boots with good ankle support and waterproofing, especially if you’re trekking through rough terrain or wetlands. 

• Weather-Appropriate Clothing: Layering is essential. Pack moisture-wicking clothes to avoid hypothermia in cold weather or overheating in warmer conditions. 

• Eye and Ear Protection: Always use protective eyewear and earplugs when shooting to guard against potential injuries from firearms. 

Extra Tip: Consider adding a blaze orange cover to your backpack or hunting gear to enhance visibility from all angles, especially in dense woods. 

3. Know Your Weapon 

Every hunter should be thoroughly familiar with their weapon. This includes regular practice to improve accuracy and understanding of how the firearm operates. Misunderstanding or mishandling your gun can lead to accidents. 

• Firearm Safety Basics: Always keep your firearm unloaded until you're ready to shoot. Never point your firearm at something you don’t intend to kill, and make sure to identify your target and what’s beyond it. 

• Regular Maintenance: Clean and inspect your firearm before every hunt. Malfunctions due to neglect can lead to dangerous situations. 

Example: A well-maintained firearm not only functions better but contributes to a safer hunting experience by preventing unexpected jams or misfires in the field. 

4. Stay Hydrated and Nourished 

Fatigue and dehydration are often overlooked but can affect your judgment and coordination. Bring plenty of water and high-energy snacks, like protein bars or trail mix, to keep your energy levels up throughout the hunt. Click here to see one of Great River Health’s Dietician Nutritionist Kathy Schmidt's healthy trail mix recipe that is the perfect, high-energy snack to take hunting with you! 

Pro Tip: Use an insulated water bottle to prevent freezing in cold weather or excessive heat absorption in warm conditions. Staying hydrated is crucial, especially during long hours of activity. 

5. Communicate Your Plan 

Before venturing out, always inform someone of your whereabouts, who you’re with, and when you plan to return. This ensures that if you don’t check in, someone knows to seek help. In remote areas where cell service is limited, consider bringing a satellite communication device. 

Extra Tip: Use apps like Google Maps or location-sharing services to keep track of your movements and ensure easy navigation. This can also aid rescuers in case of an emergency. 

6. Tree Stand Safety 

Tree stand accidents are among the most common causes of hunting injuries. To reduce risk: 

• Use a Full-Body Harness: To prevent falls, always wear a full-body harness ensuring it is properly attached to the tree. 

• Climb Carefully: Never climb with a loaded gun or bow. Use a haul line to pull up your equipment after you’re safely positioned. 

Consideration: Even with a harness, be mindful of the tree’s condition—ensure it is sturdy and free from rot. Regularly inspect your equipment and practice safe climbing techniques. 

Be Prepared: Your First Aid Kit Checklist 

Keeping a well-stocked first aid kit with you while hunting is crucial. Here’s a basic supply list from Pharmacist Jacqueline Johnson-Onesto with Heritage Pharmacy, Fort Madison to get you started: 

• Bandages and Gauze: For minor cuts and scrapes, and for covering larger wounds. 

• Antiseptic Wipes: To clean wounds and prevent infection. 

• Compression Bandage: For sprains or fractures. 

• Tweezers: For removing splinters or ticks. 

• Scissors: To cut band-aids or clothing if needed. 

• Nitrile Gloves and Hand Sanitizer: To protect your hands from potential contaminates and make clean up easier. 

• Tourniquet: For severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by pressure alone. Click here to learn how to properly use a tourniquet. 

• CPR Mask: In case of respiratory emergencies. 

• Splint: To immobilize broken bones or sprains. 

• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen for pain or inflammation. 

• Antibiotic Cream: In case of burns from fire or tools or minor cuts. 

• Emergency Blanket: To prevent hypothermia. 

Tip: Tailor your kit to the specific environment you’ll be hunting in. For example, include an allergy treatment if you are prone to bee stings or other allergic reactions. Additionally, consider adding emergency contact information and a list of any personal medical conditions for you and your hunting partners. 

Emergency Preparedness 

What to Do if a Medical Emergency Happens While Hunting 

• Accidental Shooting: If someone is shot, immediately apply pressure to the wound with gauze or fabric. Use a tourniquet above the injury if bleeding is severe and call for emergency help without delay. 

• Falls from Heights: For falls from tree stands or other heights, avoid moving the person if you suspect spinal or neck injuries. Immobilize them if possible and call for medical assistance. It may be beneficial to have someone designated to remain with the injured party while another goes for help. 

• Heart Attacks: Hunting often involves strenuous activity in cold weather, which can trigger heart attacks, especially for those with pre-existing conditions. Know the signs—chest pain, shortness of breath, or discomfort in other areas of the upper body—and act fast by calling 911. Knowing CPR can be lifesaving in such situations. 

Walk-In Clinic vs. Emergency Department 

Not sure where to go if you’re injured while hunting? We’ve broken down the common injuries that Walk-In Clinic providers see vs Emergency Department providers. 

Walk-In Clinic: 

• Poison Ivy Exposures: Rashes and mild allergic reactions. 

• Minor Scrapes: Small cuts and abrasions that don’t require stitches. 

• Ankle Injuries: Sprains or strains that don’t involve severe pain or swelling. 

• Minor Injuries to Bones: Small fractures or stress injuries that are not displaced. 

Emergency Department: 

• Accidental Shootings: Wounds needing immediate attention. 

• Falls from Heights: Injuries from falls, especially if there’s a significant impact. 

• Heart Attacks: Chest pain or other cardiac symptoms requiring urgent care. 

• ATV and UTV Accidents: Serious injuries from off-road vehicle incidents. 

• Hypothermia: Severe body temperature drops due to cold exposure. 

• Severe Cuts and Lacerations: Deep wounds needing stitches or surgical intervention. 

A Successful Hunt is a Safe Hunt 

A successful hunt isn’t just about coming home with the game—it’s about returning home safely. Being prepared, staying alert, and carrying the right first aid tools can prevent accidents from becoming tragedies. Always remember that no game is worth risking your safety or the safety of those with you. 

Take the time to review your first aid kit and safety practices before every hunt. As you embark on your outdoor adventures, make safety a priority, and equip yourself with the knowledge and tools necessary to handle any situation. Enjoy the thrill of the hunt while ensuring that safety and preparedness are at the forefront of your experience. Happy hunting!